Introduction The failure of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPi) on glioblastoma (GBM) treatment underscores the necessity for improving therapeutic strategy. vitro RQ treatment decreased the macrophages polarization of M2, improved the phagocytic ability, and improved the lipid droplets build up. RQ treatment decreased the expression levels of CD47 and?SIRP on tumor cells and macrophage cells in co-culture experiments. The combination of RQ and anti-PD1 treatment was synergistic in action. Enhanced the intra-tumoral M1/M2 percentage, the CD8/CD4 percentage in the intracranial GL261 tumor model after RQ treatment were evident. Summary We provide a rationale for manipulating the macrophage phenotype and improved the restorative effect of ICPi. To re-educate and re-empower the TAM/microglia opens an interesting avenue for GBM treatment. Graphic Abstract test. Statistical analysis was performed in the P?Rabbit polyclonal to Dcp1a polarization modified towards M1-like by RQ treatment Number?1a shows the morphology after 6?days of incubation. M1 offers spindle-shaped morphology (yellow arrow), M2 exhibited a more spread filopodia shape (reddish arrow), and M0 as round-shaped. With RQ treatment during polarization, all three types of macrophages (M0, M1, and M2) showed improved numbers of M1-like morphology (spindle formed). Circulation cytometry analyzed the M1-surface marker, CD80 and CD 86 and the M2-surface markers, CD163 and CD206, on THP-1 and J774a.1cells, respectively. Both cell lines showed reduced expression in the M2 significantly?+?RQ group versus the M2 group (P?ACY-241 Organic264.7 cells were each split into six groupings, M0, M1, M2, M0?+?RQ, M1?+?RQ, and M2?+?RQ. p-STAT1 and iNOS was discovered to become upregulated in M1 and M1?+?RQ groupings. arginase-1 and ACY-241 p-STAT6 was downregulated in M2 and M2?+?RQ groupings. b Real-time PCR demonstrated elevated appearance of M1-related genes in M0 cell and reduced appearance of M2-related genes in M2 cells after RQ treatment weighed against M0 baseline control RQ treatment improved phagocytosis ability of M0.