Supplementary MaterialsAdditional document 1: Table S1. Additional file 12: Table S12. Results of genomic association analysis of SNP and virulence values. 12864_2020_6581_MOESM12_ESM.xlsx (2.1M) GUID:?A4565AE5-614B-4F2D-AA56-ECB1FC34F7C1 Additional file 13: Table S13. Genes including at least one SNP. 12864_2020_6581_MOESM13_ESM.xlsx (64K) GUID:?BD8BA22A-DEEB-478A-B2D3-8332A7AC6A71 Additional file 14: Table S14. Four virulence-related genes including at least one associated SNP. 12864_2020_6581_MOESM14_ESM.xlsx (16K) GUID:?3D390AFA-5A87-4AC2-AAE7-256F4300155D Additional file 15: Table S15. Four virulence -related genes with the more than 50 non-synonymous SNPs. 12864_2020_6581_MOESM15_ESM.xlsx (18K) GUID:?9998C4BD-C0E9-46A6-BDB5-C40FFC219F45 Data Availability StatementThis Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at NCBI under the accession PRJNA508859. Abstract Background Recently, a new strain of (Race15) has been identified, which has caused the breakdown of resistance in most soybean cultivars in China. Despite this serious yield reduction, little is known about why this strain is more virulent than others. Therefore, we sequenced the Race15 genome and compared it to the Race1 genome sequence, as its virulence AZD2281 novel inhibtior is significantly lower. We then re-sequenced 30 isolates of from different regions to identifying differential virulence genes using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). Results The 40.12-Mb Race15 genome encodes 12,607 predicated genes and contains large numbers of gene clusters that have annotations in 11 different common databases. Comparative genomics revealed that although these two genomes had a large number of homologous genes, their genome structures have evolved to introduce 245 specific genes. The most important 5 candidate virulence genes were located on AZD2281 novel inhibtior Contig 3 and AZD2281 novel inhibtior Contig 1 and were mainly related to the regulation of metabolic mechanisms and the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites, thereby putatively affecting fungi self-toxicity and reducing host resistance. Our study provides insight into the genomic basis of pathogenicity and its infection mechanism, enabling future studies of this disease. Conclusions Via GWAS, we identified five candidate genes using three different methods, and these candidate genes are speculated to be related to metabolic mechanisms and the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites. Meanwhile, Race15 specific genes may be associated with high virulence. The genes widespread in virulent isolates also needs to end up being suggested as applicants extremely, though these were not really within our SNP analysis also. Future function should concentrate on using a AZD2281 novel inhibtior bigger sample size to verify and refine applicant gene identifications and really should study the useful jobs of these applicants, to be able to investigate their potential jobs in pathogenicity. Hara (pathotypes [7, 8]. Athow first reported the physiological differentiation of and identified Race1 and Race2, but 11?U.S. races were subsequently identified using a set of 16 differential cultivars [9, 10]. Additionally, there have been 22 races of found in Brazil to date [11, 12]. Moreover, races have undergone rapid evolution and positive selection in the Chinese main soybean production area, with 15 races being reported in Heilongjiang province. EST-SSRs AZD2281 novel inhibtior (Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeats) were analyzed to determine the genotypic structure of these races, and the Race15 strain was found to be genetically close to the Race1 strain, in addition to them having comparable pathogenic response types [13]. Among these races, the new Race15 strain is considered to be the dominant race, occurring at a frequency of 36%, more than the previously dominant Race1 strain [13, 14]. This has led to a loss of resistance Igf1r in many cultivars in Heilongjiang province. Although there are many races in different soybean production areas of the world, the differential cultivars used in different countries leads to an incompatibility of these different strains, providing a potential method of identifying the races of this disease..