Rotavirus antigenaemia and viraemia: A common event? Lancet 362: 1445C1449. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Boivin G, Abed Y, Pelletier G, Ruel L, Moisan D, C?t S, Peret TCT, Erdman DD, Anderson LJ. 2002. including 92/208 individuals (81 pediatric, and 11 adults), while 116 individuals (55.8%) were negative for any respiratory disease tested. The most common circulating disease was hRSV, infecting 54 (25.9%) individuals (24 type A, and 30 type B strains), followed by hMPV, infecting 12 (5.8%) individuals (7 type A and 5 Xanthopterin (hydrate) type B strains). Coinfections by two respiratory viruses interested 11 (5.3%) individuals, and 9 (81.8%) of these were infected by hRSV in association with another respiratory disease. In the great majority of infected children, hRSV and hMPV were associated with lower respiratory tract infections. In lung transplant recipients, viruses present in bronchoalveolar lavage appeared to be connected regularly Xanthopterin (hydrate) with lower respiratory tract infections. In conclusion: the combination of immunological and molecular assays is the most sensitive approach to the analysis of respiratory viral infections; and infections caused by the less investigated hCoVs and hMPVs represent a fair proportion of respiratory infections. J. Med. Virol. 75:336C347, 2005. ? 2004 Wiley\Liss, Inc. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: human being metapneumovirus, human being coronavirus, human being respiratory syncytial disease, respiratory coinfections, monoclonal antibody, RT\PCR Referrals Allard A, Girones R, Juto P, Wadell G. 1991. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of adenoviruses in stool samples. J Clin Microbiol 28: 2659C2667. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Blutt Xanthopterin (hydrate) SE, Kirkwood CD, Parre?o V, Warfield KL, Ciarlet M, Estes MK, Bok K, Bishop RF, Conner ME. 2003. Rotavirus antigenaemia and viraemia: A common event? Lancet 362: 1445C1449. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Boivin G, Abed Y, Pelletier G, Ruel L, Moisan D, C?t S, Peret TCT, Erdman DD, Anderson LJ. 2002. Virological features and medical manifestations associated with human being metapneumovirus: A new paramyxovirus responsible for acute respiratory\tract infections in all age groups. J Infect Dis 186: 1330C1334. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Boivin G, De Serres G, Cote S, Gilca R, Abed Y, Rochette L, Bergeron MG, Dery P. 2003. Human being metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized children. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 634C640. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Coiras MT, Perez\Brea P, Garca ML, Casas I. 2003. Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respiratory syncytial disease, and adenoviruses in medical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested\PCR assay. J Med Virol 69: 132C144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Echevarria JE, Erdman DD, Swierkosz EM, Holloway BP, Anderson LJ. 1998. Simultaneous detection and recognition of human being parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 from medical samples by multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 36: 1388C1391. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] El\Sahly HM, Atmarc RL, Glezen WP, Greenberg SB. 2000. Spectrum of medical illness in hospitalised individuals with common chilly disease illness. Clin Infect Dis 31: 96C100. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Ellis L, Fleming DM, Zambon MC. 1997. Multiple reverse transcription\PCR for monitoring of influenza A and B viruses in England and Wales in 1995 and 1996. J Clin Microbiol 35: 2076C2082. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Esper F, Boucher D, Weibel C, Martinello R, Khan J. 2003. Human being metapneumovirus infection in the United States: Clinical manifestations associated with a KITH_EBV antibody newly growing respiratory illness in children. Pediatrics 111: 1407C1410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Falsey AR, Walsh EE, Hayden FG. 2002a. Rhinovirus and coronavirus illness\connected hospitalisations among older adults. J Infect Dis 185: 1338C1340. [PMC free article] [PubMed] Xanthopterin (hydrate) [Google Scholar] Falsey AR, Formica MA, Walsh EE. 2002b. Analysis of respiratory syncytial disease infection: Assessment of reverse transcription\PCR to viral tradition and serology in adults with respiratory illness. J Clin Microbiol 40: 817C820. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google.