Posts Tagged: antigens and extracellular matrices in the control of cell growth

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is usually a consistent component of traumatic

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is usually a consistent component of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with much of its morbidity. in diffuse TAI throughout Layer V of the neocortex within YFP+ axons. When these fluorescent approaches were coupled with various quantitative and immunohistochemical approaches we found that this TAI did not result in neuronal death over the 28 day period assessed. Rather it elicited neuronal atrophy. Within these same axotomized neuronal populations TAI was also found to induce an early and sustained activation of the transcription factors c-Jun and ATF-3 known regulators of axon regeneration. Parallel ultrastructural studies confirmed these reactive changes consistent with atrophy in the absence of neuronal death. Concurrent with those events ongoing in the neuronal cell bodies their downstream axonal segments revealed as early as 1 day post-injury morphological changes consistent with reactive sprouting that was accompanied by significant axonal elongation over time. Collectively these TAI-linked events are consistent with sustained neuronal recovery an TH-302 activation of a regenerative genetic program and subsequent axonal reorganization suggestive of Rabbit polyclonal to SHP-2.SHP-2 a SH2-containing a ubiquitously expressed tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase.It participates in signaling events downstream of receptors for growth factors, cytokines, hormones, antigens and extracellular matrices in the control of cell growth,. some form of regenerative response. growth cones (Li et al. 1998 Iseda et al. 2003 Pan et al. 2003 Dray et al. 2009 suggesting a transition within axotomized neurons from early sprouting to later axonal elongation. Of note was the parallel observation that in contrast to those fibers originating from neighboring phospho-c-Jun unfavorable neurons no YFP+/phospho-c-Jun+ axons even those most elongated processes penetrated the SCWM suggesting that although these neurons mounted a regenerative attempt this anatomical boundary impeded further growth. Inhibitory proteins present in intact fibers (Huber et al. 2002 have been suggested to inhibit branching and maintain proper fiber orientation within uninjured white matter tracts (Raisman 2004 Pettigrew and Crutcher 1999 2001 and may function TH-302 following diffuse TBI to limit further axon growth from these axotomized neurons. In summary the current communication reports a novel mouse model of diffuse TAI that will enable future therapeutic and genetically based studies to further probe the mechanisms underlying TAI and any associated regenerative response. Additionally the current observation that proximal axotomy in the context of TAI results in persistent neuronal atrophy with a regenerative response provides in our estimation a unique model system that may be exploited in potential studies to raised understand the brains capability to go through repair pursuing TBI. Such upcoming studies may enable all of us to check whether this regenerative response is certainly maladaptive or adaptive in nature. ? Body 11 Early reactive sprouting in YFP+/phospho-c-Jun neurons pursuing cFPI Acknowledgements We give thanks to Scott Henderson PhD Robert J Hamm PhD Thomas Reeve PhD Susan A Walker Lynn Carol Davis and Audrey Lafrenaye PhD because of their specialized assistance and assistance in various areas of this research. This extensive research is supported by HD055813 NS047463 and NS007288. Microscopy was performed on the VCU Section of Anatomy and Neurobiology Microscopy Service supported partly with TH-302 funding from NIH-NINDS Center core grant (5P30NS047463-02). Contributor Information John E Greer Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth University or college PO Box TH-302 980709 Richmond VA 23298-0709 USA Email: ude.ucv@ejreerg.. Melissa J McGinn Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth University or college PO Box 980709 Richmond VA 23298-0709 USA Email: ude.ucv@nnigcmjm. John T Povlishock Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth University or college PO Box 980709 Richmond VA 23298-0709 USA Email:.